This anthology exposes revisionist fallacies about Truman’s motives, the cost of an invasion, and the question of Japan’s surrender. Essays by prominent military and diplomatic historians reveal the hollowness of revisionist claims, exposing the degree to which these agenda-driven scholars have manipulated the historical record to support their contentions. They show that, although some Japanese businessmen and minor officials indicated a willingness to negotiate peace, no one in a governmental decision-making capacity even suggested surrender. And although casualty estimates for an invasion vary considerably, the more authoritative approximations point to the very bloodbath that Truman sought to avoid.

            Volume editor Robert Maddox first examines the writings of revisionist Gar Alperovitz to expose the unscholarly methods Alperovitz employed to support his claims, then distinguished Japanese historian Sadao Asada reveals how difficult it was for his country’s peace faction to prevail even after the bombs had been dropped. Other contributors point to continuing Japanese military buildups, analyze the revisionists’ low casualty estimates for an invasion, reveal manipulations of the Strategic Bombing Survey of 1946, and show how even the exhibit commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the bombing at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum hewed to the revisionist line. And a close reading of Tsuyoshi Hasegawa’s acclaimed Racing the Enemy exposes many grave discrepancies between that recent revisionist text and its sources.

            The use of atomic bombs against Japan remains one of the most controversial issues in American history. Gathered in a single volume for the first time, these insightful readings take a major step toward settling that controversy by showing how insubstantial Hiroshima revisionism really is—and that sometimes history cannot proceed without decisive action, however regrettable.

About the Editor
            Robert James Maddox is Professor Emeritus of History at Pennsylvania State University. His other books include Weapons for Victory: The Hiroshima Decision and The United States and World War II. He lives in State College, Pennsylvania.

Contents

 Introduction

Gar Alperovitz: Godfather of Hiroshima Revisionism by Robert James Maddox

The Shock of the Atomic Bomb and Japan's Decision to Surrender—A Reconsideration by Sadao Asada

Intelligence Forecasting for the Invasion of Japan: Previews of Hell by Edward J. Drea

“A Score of Bloody Okinawas and Iwo Jimas": President Truman and Casualty Estimates for the Invasion of Japan by D. M. Giangreco

Half a Million Purple Hearts by D. M. Giangreco and Kathryn Moore

Advocacy or Assessment? The United States Strategic Bombing Survey of Germany and Japan by Gian Peri Gentile 

Hiroshima and the Trashing of Henry Stimson by Robert P. Newman

“Enola Gay” at Air and Space: Anonymity, Hypocrisy, Ignorance by Robert P. Newman